Pdf interpretation of arterial blood gas researchgate. This is relevant in febrile or hypothermic patients, so body temperature should be recorded at the time of collection. Arterial blood gas abg analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients oxygenation status and acidbase balance. Components of the arterial blood gas the arterial blood gas provides the following values. Interpretation of arterial blood gases abgs david a. The bodys regulation of ph is influenced by both the respiratory and the. It explains each component in turn followed by clinical examples to work through.
Arterial blood gas analysis workshop page 4 of 8 arterial blood gas analysis workshop scenario 1 initial information a 75 year old man presents to the accident and emergency department after a witnessed out of hospital vf cardiac arrest. Arterial blood gas interpretation abg arterial blood gas analysis is used to measure the partial pressures of oxygen pao2, carbon dioxide paco2, and the ph of an arterial blood sample. Aarc clinical practice guideline blood gas analysis and hemoximetry 20 michael d davis rrt, brian k walsh rrtnps rpft faarc, steven e sittig rrtnps npt faarc, and ruben d restrepo md rrt faarc mdd adult health and nursing system, virginia commonwealth university, richmond, va. Monitoring of acidbase balance is done by testing patients arterial blood gases abgs.
Blood can be drawn via an arterial stick from the wrist, groin, or above the elbow. Arterial blood gas abg analysis use this handy reference guide to help you understand and interpret arterial blood gas results, and assess patients oxygenation, acidbase balance, respiratory function and metabolic status. Discuss causes and treatments of respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic. Arterial blood gas analysis is a frequently used and extremely useful clinical tool. Practices related to processing of blood gas samples are not standardized in the republic of croatia. Some abg results also show hemoglobin and serum electrolyte values.
Even relatively small changes can be detrimental to cellular function. Thus, will be impaired in lung disease such as copd. Arterial blood gas abg analyzers market 2020 global. Arterial blood bas abg procedure and interpretation. If the pascal unit is used for blood pressure measurement, a normal blood pressure of 12080 mmhg would be an unwieldy 1596010640 pa. Oxygen content o2ct, oxygen saturation sao2, and bicarbonate hco3 values are also measured. The present article is an attempt for the simplified approach for the bedside interpretation of abg. Arterial blood gass analysis 01 bicarbonate physiology. Body temperature can also affect arterial blood gas tensions. Arterial oximetry, or cooximetry, is carried out by most modern arterial blood gas analysis equipment. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.
If it outside range, then it is uncompensated or partially compensated. The body operates efficiently within a fairly narrow range of blood ph acidbase balance. Arterial blood gas abg analysis evaluates gas exchange in the lungs by measuring the partial pressures of oxygen pao2 and carbon dioxide paco2 as well as the ph of an arterial sample. Weve created this guide, which aims to provide a structured approach to abg interpretation whilst also increasing your understanding of each results relevance. Arterial blood gas an overview sciencedirect topics. Measurement of arterial blood gases abg is one of the commonest clinical investigations in emergency, perioperative and critical care. However, the femoral artery and brachial artery can be used if necessary.
Jan 26, 2015 other useful information from arterial blood gases. Pao2 measures the pressure exerted by the oxygen dissolved in the blood and evaluates the lungs ability to oxygenate the blood. Arterial blood gas analysis abg represents the ultimate test to be used in clinical. The authors then apply this approach to a wide range of realistic case studies that resemble situations readers are likely to encounter in practice. The analysis of arterial blood gas values abgs can detect the presence and identify the causes of acidbase and oxygenation disturbances. Differences are subtle but important on venous gas. As you struggle to listen to the machine company representative talking about cleaning the machine. The radial artery on the wrist is most commonly used to obtain the sample.
Stepbystep approach to arterial and venous blood gas analysis step 1. May 23, 20 arterial blood gases printable handout arterial blood gases pdf blood gas worksheet checklist download pdf you are a new staff member working in the emergency department ed. We may be presented increasingly with venous blood gases 2. The usefulness of this diagnostic tool is dependent on being able to correctly interpret the results. The interpretation of arterial blood gases australian. However, the more complicated and in some ways more important part of abg analysis is ph regulation. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. When one thinks of abg analysis, oxygenation may come to mind first. It provides a measure of oxygen diffusion across the alveoli into the blood. Case 2 a 60 yearold man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is brought into clinic by his family who are concerned that he is more somnolent than normal. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation for medical students. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation for medical students, osces and mrcp paces this section presents how to interpret arterial blood gases. Arterial blood gases you are a new staff member working in the emergency department ed during your induction you are introduced to the practical workings of the point of care arterial blood gas abg machine in the ed. Articulate the leader in rapid elearning and communications.
Arterial blood gas analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients oxygenation status and acid base balance. Blood is drawn anaerobically from a peripheral artery radial, brachial, femoral, or dorsalis pedis via a single percutaneous needle puncture, or from an indwelling arterial cannula or catheter for multiple samples. Doctors of all levels understand the results to varying degrees. Dec 22, 2011 interpret arterial blood gas results in a stepwise and logical manner to make a correct diagnosis. Therefore, a basic understanding of how to interpret abg results can be useful for pharmacists to help them clarify the clinical picture. These include partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood paco2, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood pao2, bicarbonate levels hco3 in arterial blood and base excessdeficit. An arterial blood gas test can find ways to help your lungs do their job. The paramedics arrived after 10 minutes, during which cpr had not been attempted. Know how to calculate the alveolar arterial aa gradient and how to interpret it. Interpretation of the arterial blood gas emergencypedia. Know some of the indications and contraindications for performing an arterial puncture.
All you really need to know to interpret arterial blood gases. Arterial blood provides more information than venous blood with regard to acidbase and oxygenation status. Spirometry and arterial blood gases in acute severe asthma. The hypothesis is that during acute severe asthma, air flow rates are determined mostly by properties of large airways, whereas gas exchange, specifically vq mismatch abnormalities, depends on airway narrowing andor. Arterial blood gas interpretation felicia ratnaraj internal medicine pgy 3 pm report. Venous blood gas analysis is also useful for acidbase information and sao 2, and mixed venous po 2 helps determine tissue o 2 consumption and reflects tissue o 2 delivery. This selflearning packet will examine the components of an arterial blood gas and what each component. Arterial blood gass analysis 01 free download as powerpoint presentation. How to interpret arterial blood gas results correspondence.
The results of abg testing will often influence the treatment that patients receive. Analysis of arterial blood gases a comprehensive approach. It is possible to have a mixed respiratory and metabolic disorder that makes interpretation of an arterial blood gas result difficult. The following is a simplified explanation of abgs, including a practical. Find out when you get it and what the results mean. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation is something many medical students find difficult to grasp weve been there. This helpful, practical book begins with a clear explanation of acidbase balance, followed by a straightforward sixstep approach to arterial blood gas interpretation. Test your knowledge on the webs most interactive blood gas learning tool.
Following are the steps one should follow when reading the arterial blood gas and interpreting the values simultaneously. Arterial blood gases indications and interpretation. Abgs are reported to be the most frequently performed test in the icu. Apr 03, 2020 an arterial blood gas requires the nurse to collect a small sample of blood generally, a full 1 ml. Therefore doctors around the world have agreed to retain mmhg as the unit of blood pressure measurement.
The process of analysis and monitoring of arterial blood gas abg is an essential part of diagnosing and managing the oxygenation status and acidbase balance of the highrisk patients, as well. Know the causes of metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. Arterial blood gas analysis has become an essential skill for all healthcare practitioners. In case of delay, the sample should be placed in ice and such iced sample can be processed upto 2 hours without affecting the blood gas values. Arterial blood gas case questions and answers in the space that follows you will find a series of cases that include arterial blood gases. Abg interpretation abg analysis arterial blood gases acidbase balance. Be able to demonstrate the technique for performing an arterial puncture.
Interpreting an arterial blood gas abg is a crucial skill for physicians, nurses, respiratory. Mar 26, 2018 arterial blood gas is usually advised to patients suffering from respiratory illnesses or under critical care. Each case is then followed by an explanation of the acidbase status, the oxygenation status and a summary of the patients clinical picture. Arterial blood gas test normal values shows values for ph, oxygen, carbon dioxide, bicarbonates, lactic acid levels and oxygen saturation. Arterial blood gas samples can be obtained from a number of sites, including the following radial artery at the wristthe most popular site for arterial blood sampling because of its easy accessibility, superficial location, and availability of collateral circulation. The most important points when assessing a patient are the history, examination and basic observations. Arterial blood gas interpretation medical books free. Interpretation of arterial blood gas pubmed central pmc. The arterial blood gas abg measures the acidbase balance ph and oxygenation of an arterial blood sample. Mistakes in arterial blood gas abg interpretation are common in clinical practice. Aarc clinical practice guideline blood gas analysis and. Arterial blood gas interpretation demystified physician assistant.
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